Multicausality:
In the basic sciences the assumption that a single cause brings about a single effect may hold true. But, in the applied sciences research conducted with human beings indicates that the relationships between cause and effect variables are much more complex and that multicausality is a better perspective from which to explore human behavior.
http://nursing.unc.edu/modules/nsg_research/research_design/topic3.html
Please Note:
"The word Aristotle uses, aition,”a responsible, explanatory factor” is not synonymous with the word cause in its modern sense.)"
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557129/Aristotle.html
Aristotelian causes
1) material cause...
2) formal cause...
3) efficient cause...
4) final cause...
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credit: Bill Wright
Copyright 2007 The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.
All rights reserved.
http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Bill-Wright/causes.html
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